Sunday, September 20, 2020

Articles 
Class 5 - 10 
Fill in 'a' or 'an'.
(i) I want (a/an/the) umbrella.
(ii) She wants (a/an/the) party dress.
(iii) Do you want (a/an/the) orange?
(iv) He is eating (a/an/the) egg.
(v) She is (a/an/the) nurse.
(vi) She wants (a/an/the) uniform.
(vii) They want (a/an/the) house to live.
'An' is used with a singular countable noun that starts with a vowel sound.
'A' is used with a singular countable noun that starts with a consonant sound
6. Put in a/an or the in the blank spaces.
Example: I’m looking for a job. Did Shila get the job she
applied for?
a. Would you like (a/an/the) apple?
b. Could you close (a/an/the) door, please?
c. We live in (a/an/the) rented house near (a/an/the) centre of town.
d. Have you finished with (a/an/the) book I lent you last week?
e. We went out for (a/an/the) meal last night (a/an/the) restaurant we went was excellent.
f. Did (a/an/the) police find (a/an/the) person who stole your bicycle?
g. This is a nice house. Does it have (a/an/the) garden?
h. It was warm and sunny, so we decided to sit in (a/an/the) garden.
i. As I was walking along the street, I found (a/an/the) one hundred rupee note.
j. I went into the store and asked to speak to (a/an/the) manager.
Example: This morning I bought a newspaper and a magazine.
The newspaper is in my bag, but I don’t know where the magazine is.
a. My parents have (a/an/the) cat and (a/an/the) dog (a/an/the) dog
never bites (a/an/the) cat, but (a/an/the) cat often scratches (a/an/the) dog.
b. I saw (a/an/the) accident this morning (a/an/the) car crashed into (a/an/the) wall (a/an/the) driver of (a/an/the) car was not
hurt, but (a/an/the) car was badly damaged.
c. We live in (a/an/the) old house in (a/an/the) middle of town. There is (a/an/the) garden behind (a/an/the) house (a/an/the) roof
of (a/an/the) house is very old.
d. When we were on vacation, we stayed at (a/an/the) hotel. In the evenings, sometimes we had dinner at (a/an/the) hotel and
sometimes in (a/an/the) restaurant.
8. Complete these sentences with a/an or the.
(i) Yesterday, I bought a newspaper and (a/an/the) magazine. (a/an/the) newspaper was in my bag and (a/an/the) magazine was in my pocket.
(ii) We will have dinner in (a/an/the) very nice restaurant.
(iii) Would you like (a/an/the) banana?
(iv)They live in (a/an/the) small old house. There is (a/an/the) beautiful garden behind (a/an/the) house.
(v) (a/an/the) man in the red shirt is my brother.
8. Put a/an or the where necessary.
(i) I am going out for (a/an/the) walk.
(ii) Have you had (a/an/the) dinner yet?
(iii) (a/an/the) sun was going down.
(iv)She met (a/an/the) police at the station.
(v) Everest is (a/an/the) highest peak in the world.
9. Complete the following news inserting the appropriate articles
wherever necessary.
An Unbelievable Truth
(a/an/the) week ago, (a/an/the) MBA student, Mr. Tribikram Poudel, was successful to prove himself (a/an/the) luckiest person of (a/an/the) time. It is because he got (a/an/the) lottery and won the most expensive car of the world, Lamborghini Veneno Roadster. He was handed over (a/an/the) key of (a/an/the) car in California, (a/an/the) US state on (a/an/the) Pacific Ocean. It was said that he was (a/an/the) enthusiastic and passionate lad to buy lottery tickets every year. For (a/an/the) great surprise, he announced that he would bring (a/an/the) car in Nepal and keep in Tundikhel for (a/an/the) exhibition. He also told that he would take the car on a tour of the country, from (a/an/the) east to (a/an/the) west. According to (a/an/the) reporter Mr. Poudel was planning to bring (a/an/the) skilled mechanic with him. This news became (a/an/the) top story of daily newspapers. The Breaking News offered to be (a/an/the) corporate sponsor
to help pay for (a/an/the) tour of Lamborghini Veneno Roadster.
a. Insert appropriate articles in the given paragraph.
We should make (a/an/the) effort to help out with house chores because it is
also our home. We are using our house daily and it is (a/an/the) expression of
loving where we live. We should help to clean and organise every room. It
develops (a/an/the) sense of duty and (a/an/the) responsibility to (a/an/the) assigned task. And,
it also shows (a/an/the) value of working as (a/an/the) team. This increases our skills
and keeps us fit and healthy. Not only that (a/an/the) clean house is (a/an/the) symbol
of peaceful and harmonious family. In the long run, students will become
(a/an/the) person willing to lend (a/an/the) hand. Besides, it affects (a/an/the) community’s harmony and well-being.
b. Insert appropriate articles wherever necessary.
i. Twelve inches makes (a/an/the) foot.
ii. (a/an/the) wisdom is the gift of heaven.
iii. Would you pass me (a/an/the) pen?
iv. (a/an/the) fourth chapter of this book is interesting.
v. (a/an/the) smartest student of this class is reading (a/an/the)Vedas.
vi. (a/an/the) more you give, (a/an/the) more you get.
vii. Yesterday I saw a monkey. (a/an/the) monkey was hurt.
viii. I went to (a/an/the) hospital to see my aunt.
ix. .....…..horse is (a/an/the) useful animal.
x. I found (a/an/the) one-rupee note on the bank of river.
xi. This is (a/an/the) useful exercise.
xii. He saw (a/an/the) European in (a/an/the) union office.
10. Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’, or ‘the’ where necessary to complete
the story.
Once there lived (a/an/the) Emperor, who was very fond of wearing (a/an/the) new
shoes. He had (a/an/the) set of new shoes for every hour. He used to go riding on
his horse merely to show off his shoes. He told all, “I think (a/an/the) best
way (a/an/the) man can spend money is by buying shoes!” People used to think
him to be (a/an/the) bit ridiculous.
One day he wished to get (a/an/the) most magnificent shoes with (a/an/the)
remarkable quality. People had never heard of such (a/an/the) thing before. He
called (a/an/the) cobbler and gave (a/an/the) large sum of gold coins from (a/an/the)
royal treasury to buy (a/an/the) nest materials (a/an/the) few days passed (a/an/the)
cobbler did not turn up. Then, he sent (a/an/the) Prime Minister to examine
(a/an/the) progress. After (a/an/the) hour, (a/an/the) Prime Minister came with (a/an/the)
empty hand. (a/an/the) poor emperor could not believe that he had such
(a/an/the) liar in his kingdom.

 

CLASS NINE 

ENGLISH 

UNIT 1. MAKING PLANS AND EXPRESSING INTENTIONS

Listening

Look at the picture, and write what you think is happening.

a. Who are these people? -------------------------------------------.
b. How are they communicating? ------------------------------------.
c. What are they talking about? --------------------------------------.

a. Listen to the conversation and match the expressions under A with the right ones under B.

a) Amrit                                   i) is going to prepare dinner for all.

b) Ankita                                  ii) is at home.
c) The party                              iii) are best friends.
d) Ankita’s mother                    iv) has birthday.
e) Ankita and Amrit                   v) gives a call

b. Listen to the conversation again, and fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases.

i. Amrit wants to know how Ankita is going to------------------------- her birthday.
ii. --------------------other friends are attending the party.
iii. Ankita wants Amrit to come-------------------------than others.
iv. They will------------------------after the dinner.
v. The birthday is----------------days later.

Put into Practice

Listen to the conversation once again, and summarise the dialogue for your friends in class.
Begin: Amrit and Ankita are best friends. Ankita--------------------------.

UNIT 2

REPORTING STATEMENTS

Writing
Think and Act
a. Have you ever written or received emails? What is your email ID?
b. Do you think writing an email is similar to writing a letter? If not, in what ways are they different?
Study Time
Read the following email, and compare it with Nima’s letter on the basis of the following points.

Layout salutation language used closing

To: learningeng@edunet.com

Cc: cdcbktpur@edunet.com

Subject: Query about audio materials

Dear Ms. Adhikari,
I am a student of grade IX at Shree Bhageswor Secondary School
in Shirsa VDC of Dadeldhura district. I am contacting you to ask
about the audio materials your Co. develops. I am interested to know
whether the materials come in DVDs/CDs or if we have to download them.
Could you please send me some more information regarding the
materials as I am not sure which would be the most useful for a
student like me studying in a remote village school in Nepal?
I would also be thankful if you could tell me whether the materials have to be bought or are available free of charge.
Looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Kiran Thapa Magar
Shree Bhageswor Secondary School
Shirsa -1, Gwanni, Basauti

Note: Use a short but informative subject line of two or more words. Don’t forget to acknowledge the emails you have received. Use very formal, personal and very
polite tone for formal emails. Some abbreviations can be used for less formal emails.

Put into Practice
a. Imagine that you are Ms. Adhikari. Write a reply email to Kiran Thapa Magar giving him all the information he has asked for. Use the format as in the model email.
b. Imagine that you are living away from home. Your sister at home is rather carefree about food, work and rest and is spoiling her health. Write her a persuasive letter telling her how she can improve her health
Creative Task
There are several ways of circulating the messages. Letters, emails, social
networks, post cards, SMS and MMS are some of them. Interview any three of your friends and complete the table below.

S.N.

Names of the
interviewees

Preferred way of
message circulation

Reason behind
their preference

Remark

1.

2.

3.

Fun Corner
a. Look at the following ways to circulate the message, and write the
correct numbers of the names in the blanks below them.

1. Personal letter 2. Email 3. Application letter 4. Invitation card
5. Chat box 6. Post card

  

  

Prepare any one of the above and send it to one of your friends.

 

 

 

 

 

 

UNIT 3

MAKING REQUESTS AND RESPONDING TO THEM

Reading
An Interview with a Doctor

Think and Act
There are many fatal diseases. Taking precautions and safety measures may help us to keep ourselves safe.
a. Write down the names of any four fatal diseases you have heard of.
------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
b. Write down any four important healthy habits you adopt personally.
------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
Study Time
Here is an interview with Dr. Imran Ansari, a senior pediatrician and Associate Professor at Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur. Read the interview and learn about the pandemic of avian influenza.

Reporter : The term ‘bird flu’ is heard quite frequently these days. Could you please tell us what exactly bird flu is, doctor?

Dr. Imran : Bird flu is the commonly used term for avian influenza which is a viral infection transmitted from bird to bird. Particularly, a deadly strain of bird flu-H5N1 continues to spread among poultry in different parts of Asia and Europe.

Reporter: What exactly is H5N1? Would you mind telling us how it affects humans?

Dr. Imran : Not at all. Technically, H5N1 is a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. It’s as deadly to most birds as to humans and other mammals that catch the virus from birds. Although the virus is not easily transmitted in the same
ways as most human flu bugs, H5N1 has killed nearly 60% of those infected since the first human case in the late 90s. It is seen transmitted among people like butchers and poultry farm workers who have had exceptionally close contact with the infected poultry. Besides, no effective medicine has so far been discovered.

Reporter : The spread of this flu seems to be so fast it is. Is it transferred by air? I wonder if you could tell us how it spreads so fast.

Dr. Imran : Yes, certainly. Actually the flu virus is not transmitted through respiration. Most notably the natural carriers of bird flu viruses are migratory water fowls like the wild ducks. The infection can later spread from wild fowls to domestic
ones. During 2011, the disease got widely spread in Asia. Nepal too could not remain away from its dark shadow as its carriers are the birds that may fly hundreds of miles in a single day.

Reporter: Could you possibly tell us how humans get bird flu, doctor?

Dr. Imran : As I told you earlier, humans catch the flu by close contact with birds or bird droppings. Some have been reported to have caught the virus from cleaning or plucking infected birds. Let me make it clear this way. Think a person with
an open wound or cut on their hand handles the infected poultry; he/ she can get infected by the virus that gets in their blood through the wound or cut. Others have been infected after swimming or bathing in water contaminated
with the droppings of infected birds. People don’t catch
the virus from eating fully cooked chicken or eggs. So far
there hasn’t been sustained type of human-to-human spread cases.

Reporter : I see. Would you possibly let us know the common symptoms of the flu in humans, doctor?

Dr. Imran : Good question! Since the commonly seen symptoms of
the influenza are similar to those of seasonal influenza, people seem to be rather suspicious and worried. Fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches are the major symptoms yet sometimes there could be diarrhoea, eye infections and even serious respiratory diseases. If these symptoms persist for longer than expected, people need to consult a doctor.

Reporter : Finally, I’d appreciate it if you could tell us what precautions we should take against this fatal pandemic.

Dr. Imran : Sure. We should wash hands thoroughly and frequently,
for 15-20 seconds, preferably with soap and water. Contact with possibly infected poultry ought to be avoided. If exposed, appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like disposable gloves, protective clothing, shoes that can be disinfected and safety goggles should strictly be used.

Reporter : Thank you, indeed, doctor for your time.

Dr. Imran : Thank you, Mr. Joshi.

The interview was taken at Patan Hospital , Lalitpur on 24 March, 2015

1. Enrich Your Vocabulary
What do these words used in the text mean?
a. frequently (Reporter -1)
i. often ii. regularly iii. occasionally
b. deadly (Dr. - 1)

i. related to the dead        ii. likely to cause death    iii. as of the dead ones

c. migratory (Dr. - 3_

i. having the habit of migration ii. having migraine iii. having the habit of immigration
d. plucking (Dr. - 4)

i. picking     ii. Pulling the feathers off          iii. picking someone from danger
e. droppings (Dr. - 4)

i. things dropped   ii. solid waste matter of birds    iii. falling of something

f. pandemic (Reporter - 6)

i. disease that spreads over a whole area       ii. disease that causes pain
iii. disease that is regularly found in a particular area

2. Read and Match
Match the expressions under column A with those under B so that they match the ideas as expressed in the interview.

A                                                       B
a. H5N1                                             i. is one of the precautions against the influenza.

b. bird flu                                           ii. is available for the flu.
c. no effective medicine                      iii. is one of the symptoms of bird flu.
d. fever                                              iv. is a strain of the virus.

e. avoiding contact with infected poultry      v. is the common name of avian influenza.

3. True or False

Read the interview again, and decide whether the following sentences are true or false.
a. Bird flu is not as lethal to humans as to the birds.
b. Nearly 60% of the total deaths in the world have been caused by bird flu.
c. During 2011 Nepal had only the shadows of infected flying birds.
d. Consumption of well cooked chicken does not transmit H5N1virus to humans.
e. All kinds of fever blended with sore throat are not the symptoms of bird flu.
f. PPE as mentioned in the interview should be used while consuming poultry.
4. Read and Answer
Read the interview once again, and answer the questions below.
a. What is bird flu? When was it first detected among humans?
b. Who are most prone to get bird flu virus, according to the doctor?
c. Mention any two possible ways humans can get infected by the avian influenza?
d. What are some of the indications that one is infected with the bird flu?
e. Which of the precautions, as mentioned by the doctor, do you usually adopt? Why?

Speaking
Think and Act
Go through at the interview under reading section once again, and mark the questions asked by the reporter. All the questions are polite requests. What words does the reporter use to make the requests?
List the expressions he uses. One has been listed for you.
a. Could you please tell us what exactly bird flue is doctor?
(b) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study Time
For making requests, we use:
Could/Would you (please/possibly)+ verb-------?
Would you mind+ verb - ing ------------?
I wonder if you could+ verb-------?
I would appreciate it if you could+ verb---------.
Requesting for permission, we may use:
Is it Ok if I+verb-------------?
Do you mind if I+ verb-----------?
Look at the examples and repeat the dialogues in pairs.
Example: Maghu wants Dhansara to lend him her pen.
Excuse me, could you please lend me your pen? Of course! Here you are.

Example: Menuka wants permission to speak in Nepali in English class.
Put into Practice
Work in pairs. One of you make requests and the other responds to
the requests. You can swap your roles in order to have further practice.

A wants B to:
Pass the book.
Allow him/her to use her/his pencil.
Give permission to close the window.
Switch on the light.
Lend him her note copy.
Get permission to ask a question.

B responds
positively
negatively
positively
positively
negatively
positively

UNIT 4.

EXPRESSING CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY

Reading II
Look at the pictures below and guess the answers to these questions.
a. What do the first two pictures show?
b. What are people doing in the third picture? Why do you think they
are doing this?
c. Who are the people in the last picture? What are they doing there?

 

            

Now read the one act play “A Disaster” and attempt the questions that
follow.
A Disaster
Characters:
Pratik: 18 year old boy Kumar: Pratik’s father Paru: Pratik’s mother
Gayatri: Pratik’s grandmother Dharmendar: neighbour Rajamati: neighbour
S
etting: at 11:55, Saturday morning, Baishak 12, 2072 BS, Pratik, Kumar and Paru are on the top floor of the three storey building enjoying the
weekend. Suddenly they are hit by a powerful earthquake.
SCENE I

Pratik : Baba, earthquake! (He screams! He tries to run but can’t.)
Kumar : Yes!
Paru : Oh my god! (She goes to Pratik and Kumar. They hold each other.) It’s very big. Oh God! What is going to happen? Where is mother? She must be frightened. Let’s go down.
(All struggle down to second storey and find Gayatri yelling and trembling.)
Kumar : Let’s go down! Hurry up! (All run down to an open field nearby)
SCENE II
(People trying hard to make calls, running towards the open fields, children crying, elderly people praying. Again they feel an aftershock. All scream)
Pratik : (Tries to make a call but network is busy. Meanwhile he receives a call) Hello! Yes, don’t worry, we all are safe here. I can’t believe, it’s ... (Line disconnected)
Gayatri: Who’s that?
Pratik : My friend, Norbu from Australia. (Keeps trying to get updates from F.M. radio. As he gets some he informs people around him.). It’s 7.8 on the Richter scale and its epicentre is Gorkha.(All look shocked and scared Pratik keeps listening to radio.)
Gayatri: Oh God! Have mercy upon us? Is this the end of our life? What shall I do?
Pratik : Everyone listen! Do you know what this massive earthquake did? Dharahara, Basantapur Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, temples and many houses have collapsed.
Paru : Oh! Dear. What a pity. Today is Saturday and there must have been so many people on the tower. What is going to happen? What’s next?
Kumar : That’s too bad. Any human casualty? Perhaps a lot!
(All shocked. Other people also join the crowd.)
SCENE III

(In the evening, people are sitting talking about whatever they have heard during the day. Some are moaning and sobbing. Young people are pitching tents and fetching mats and blankets to stay overnight in the field. Tremors keep continuing)
Dharmendar: I don’t think we can get into our houses tonight. It’s better to
stay under the open sky.

Rajamati : I’m not going anywherefrom here. There is always chance of
tremors similar to that. Every tremor will definitely make us run out of our houses. (She unfolds her mattress and blanket.)

Paru : Pratik, have you got any further updates?

Pratik : Aama, you can’t hear this all. The updates will make youburst into tears. Anyway we should stay strong. Many houses, public buildings and monuments in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur have been brought down. So far
some 150 deaths have been confirmed in the valley itself. It is feared that the death toll would be much higher than what we recon.

Kumar : I’m really sorry. But the reports say there must have been
much more devastation in Sindhupalchok and Gorkha.

(Everyone is silent. All of them spend the night in the field with their family.)

SCENE IV
(Baishak 13, people gather and share their views on post earthquake situations. Most look dumbfounded because of the frequent aftershocks)
Dharmendar: I have heard that almost all the houses in Sindhupalchok have been destroyed.

Rajamati : Gorkha is anothermore seriously hit district. Death toll is on the rise. Reports say tremors are felt further west too; however, damage is not as serious as in the central region and Gorkha in the western region.
Kumar : Are skyscrapers in the valley safe? I doubt. Old and poorly constructed buildings must have crumbled. Why do people neglect basic things at the time of construction? It’s a pity that our own houses are turned into our own graveyards.
(Children are playing hide and seek. They look care free. The fear is high in
grown-ups.)
Paru : If people were aware to go in the safe places at the time of earthquake, human causalities would not be so high. At the time of emergency we should either be under safe constrution or we should reach safe places like parks or open fields. Another important thing I have learnt now is we should always have an emergency bag ready. At least we could feel a little secure.
Gayatri : I’m terribly sorry about the deaths .It’s nothing other than sin of sinful people in this world. The very sin is now having us all cry and lament.(A truck of army passes by.)
Dharmendar: They must be going for rescue operations. Poor quality of land might be the reason of some destruction. So many houses have been illegally erected. They get permission for two or three storey construction but they go beyond that. So this was sure!
(Old citizens are sitting together in the sun.)

Pratik : Nepal’s earthquake is the top story in the world. Our government has already sent rescue and relief teams. We are getting national and international level help and support for rescue, relief and resettlement. People have started
raising donations, goods, food, clothes and other materials through local clubs, institutions and organizations.
(The siren of an ambulance is heard.)

Gayatri : This ambulance takes my breath.
Paru : We should all co-operate from our quarters to help the nation carry out the rescue, relief and resettlement of the needy ones. Hope these skilled rescue teams, relief materials and donations arrive on time to the real victims.
(They feel another tremor. All keep silence in fear.)

1. Read and Group the Words
Read the play again and put the following word in the right groups.
tremors praying rescue shocks donations yelling aftershocks relief shocked dumbfounded tensed screaming resettlement Richter scale ambulance
Words related to the earthquake ---------------------------------------------------.
Words showing people’s reaction -----------------------------------------.
Words related to helping the needy---------------------------------------------.
2. Read and Answer
a. How would you describe Pratik. Sketch his character in some sentences.
b. What two things does Paru seem to have learnt?
c. According to Dharmendar, what are the major reasons behind the heavy loss of life and property?
d. What does Gayatri think of the earthquake? Why does she think that way?

e. If you were one of the youths there, how would you help the people?
3. Read and Mark

Read the play once again and underline the expressions that show the condolence and/or sympathy expressed by the characters.
Put into Practice
1. Bir Bahadur’s students have published a message of condolence mentioning that Bir Bahadur was a helpful and popular teacher.
Look at the list of the dead ones you have prepared in the beginning and write a paragraph about one of them describing their contributions in the society/in the country.
You may begin: The neighbor who died two years ago was …. .
He/she was………………………………………………. .
OR
The person who died one year ago in my neigh bourhood was . . .  .
He was………………………………………………. .
2. Act out the play ‘A Disaster’ in your class.

Speaking
Think and Act
Remember: A condolence is always a form of sympathy, but expressing sympathy is not always an example of a condolence. Condolence is expressed to someone who has lost their relatives or friends whereas sympathy can be expressed to anyone who has had bad luck, misfortune or loss of something.
Study Time
Divide the roles and act the dialogues in pairs.
Example: lost job/ so sad

A : Hello friend! How is everything?
B :
Not that good. I lost my job.
A :
Oh! That’s so sad.

Example: Grandfather passed away/extremely sorry

A : Hey, Sandeep. Why haven’t you been coming to school?
B :
I lost my grandfather last week.
A :
Gosh! I’m so sorry to hear that.

Put into Practice
Work in pairs. Use the clues given in the box below and express condolence or sympathy.
look sad/ failed the exam/what a pity
absent from school/ grandmother died/ ever so sorry
didn’t come to picnic/ fever/ too bad
missed a paper/ close relative passed away/ heart broken by that news

UNIT 5

EXPRESSING CONGRATULATIONS

Grammar
Think and Act
These sentences have been extracted from the texts above. Read them and examine what kinds of sentences they are.
a. The help of her son fascinates the audience. ( gives information)

b. Has Nepalese society really passed through such inhuman tradition? (asks question)
c. Don’t miss it. (gives negative command)
d. Which is better-to have rules and agree, or to hunt or kill? ( asks information question)
4. What a transformation from innocence to experience it is! (Expresses exclamation)
Study Time
Sentences can be affirmative, negative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory.
a. Look at the examples and change the sentences given below into negative and interrogative:
Example : He is an early riser. (Affirmative)
He is not an early riser. (Negative)
Is he an early riser? (Interrogative)
Example : She looks slim in this dress. (Affirmative)
She does not look slim in this dress. (Negative)
Does she look slim in this dress? (Interrogative)
i. He can write a formal letter.
ii. It is raining outside.
iii. She works in the field.
iv. It barked at night.
v. They have completed their task on time.
vi. She will ask you a funny riddle.

b. Look at the examples and change the sentences given below into negative.

Affirmative                                                          Negative
Let him dance on the stage.                                Let him not dance on the stage.
Shut the door.                                                         Don’t shut the door.
She has brought some pencils.                           She has not brought any pencils.

Some of them entered the cinema hall.          None of them entered the cinema hall.
Either he or his mother will help me.               Neither he nor his mother will help me.

i. Either she or her friends went there.

ii. Somebody messed this up.
iii. She always wears a blue dress.

iv. I have written several poems.
v. Let her sing a Bhojpuri song.
vi. Let them play cricket on this field.

vii. He likes ice- cream, too.
viii. Turn the key in the anticlockwise direction.

ix. Do it carefully.

c. Change the following sentences into Affirmative sentences.
i. Don’t speak so loud.

ii. Will he not be available in the meeting?
iii. She won’t appear for her board exam.
iv. They didn’t get any food in the hotel.
v. Has she not written any novels?

vi. There isn’t anything important to say.
vii. Does she not hear anybody crying?
viii. Have you not sent a mail?

Put into Practice
Have you ever heard the story of the Fox and the Grapes? Here is the same story but the sentences are not in the correct forms. Change the sentences into affirmative or negative as required so that the story becomes meaningful. You can give it a suitable title and read it out.
One afternoon a fox was not walking through the forest and spotted a bunch of grapes hanging from over a lofty branch.

“Just the thing to quench my thirst! I will not jump high and get the whole bunch,” thought he. Taking a few steps back, the fox did not jump and just missed the hanging grapes. Again the fox took a few paces back and did not try to reach them but still failed.
Finally, giving up, the fox did not turn up his nose and said, “They’re not probably sour anyway. Unripe fruit does me good. If I eat them, I will not be sick”. With this thought the fox did not proceed to walk away.

Moral: It’s not easy to despise what you can have

Speaking
Think and Act
Look at the picture below and discuss it with your friend. What is happening ?

Study Time
Two friends are talking on the phone. Read and find out what they are talking about.
Dhiraj :
Hello! May I talk to Bhim?
Bhim : Oh, Dhiraj! Congratulations!
Dhiraj : Oh my god! I can’t believe it. How did you know about it?
Bhim : I’m your best pal. What do you think? I do have all updates about you though you are abroad.
Dhiraj : Oh! Many thanks, my dearest friend. I miss you.
Bhim : I miss you too.

Dhiraj : I’m so happy that you have topped your university. We are proud of you. My parents also wanted to congratulate you on your success. They are also very happy. Your hidden talents are unfolded. I’m really proud of you, friend!

Bhim : It’s always pleasant to hear from you. The credit of my success goes to you. We used to share everything, didn’t we? But this time I’m really sorry. I was quite busy. Hope you understand.

Dhiraj : Never mind.

Bhim : But actually how did you come to know about it?

Dhiraj : Stupid! I read about it from a daily news paper, the News Express. Your photo startled me. When I went through the lines, I was almost crying. Dear, I can’t express in words how happy I was. Again I would like to congratulate you on your great success. Keep up the spirit, man!

Bhim : Thank you so much.

Dhiraj : You’re most welcome. Bye for now.

Bhim : Bye !

Put into Practice

Work in pairs. Take it in turns. You and your partner play the role of A and B and soon swap it up. Look at the examples and use the clues likewise.

A : win the race-sports day

B : Congratulations!

A : Response

Example:

A : I won the 200 metre race in the Sports Day at school and got the gold medal.

B : Did you? Congratulations!

A : Thank you, indeed.

Get a good job/I’d like to congratulate
Elected captain in the class/accept my sincere congratulations
Win the first prize/I’d like to congratulate
Stand first in the final examination/accept my heartiest congratulations
Fully recovered from serious illness/congratulations
Get a scholarship to study abroad/I’d like to congratulate

UNIT 15

APOLOGIZING AND  RESPONDING TO AN APOLOGY

Listening
Think and Act

 

 

Look at the picture above and tick the correct sentences.
a. How do you choose a book to read?
i. I choose only the books that are recommended by my friends.
ii. I choose books which are recommended by my teachers, elders and friends.
iii. I choose according to my area of interest.
iv. I don’t choose. I read all types of books.
v. I always choose books according to my interests, habits, likes and dislikes.
vi. I seldom read because I don’t find good books.
vii. I rarely read because reading does not give me pleasure.
Study Time
a. Listen to the audio material and answer the following:
i. Note down important ways of choosing books.
ii. What makes your reading pleasant?
iii. Why should one choose appropriate books to read?
iv. How should one read books?
b. Listen again and correct the given incorrect statements.
i. Reading books is a boring pastime.
ii. It is not necessary to select suitable books to read.
iii. If you read a preview and review of any book before going through the book, it gives you pleasure.
iv. Reading books makes you less creative.
v. There are no particular steps of selecting books that can give you pleasant experience.
Put into Practice
a. Do you know any other better steps so that one can enjoy reading books besides these steps of reading?
b. Listen to the audio and note down the main ideas. You may agree or disagree. Write your view separately and present in the class.

UNIT 14

Reading
Think and Act


Books are for information, knowledge and facts. Likewise games and sports are for fit and healthy body. The complete development of mind and body is only possible by their unison. Do you agree? Write down two points each showing the importance of books and games and sports.
Books:
a……………………………………….
b……………………………………….
Games and Sports:
a……………………………………….
b……………………………………….

ASKING FOR PERMISSION
Study Time

Read the following conversation and observe distinct views on books and sports. Find out how the sons ask for their mother’s permission.
Permission Granted!
(It’s winter. Saurab and Saswot are twins. Saurab is busy with his laptop in a sitting room. Saswot is doing assignment in his study room. Their mother, Tripta, is watering plants in the garden. Sports day invitation card is lying on the table. Suddenly Saurab happens to see the invitation card and his eyes sparkle.)
Saurab: Hurrah! Only seven days to the Sports day! (Looking at Saswot) Good heavens! Saswot! Come out, shut up all books, and let’s have some practice for sports day.
Saswot: (in a low voice) I know; but you must remember that our examination is near. I want to use every single minute I can get for study. I’m sorry. I can’t join you. Is it OK if we go for practice in the evening?
Tripta : (Enters) Hey! (growls)Are you going to make a fuss?
Saurab: Mom, absolutely not!
Saswot: Actually, he’s just insisting that I go for practice. Mom, I prefer to study rather than pratise sports because our examination is near. Please tell him not to disturb me.
Tripta : Oh! Saurab, I know! You’re planning to go for a practice, aren’t you?

 

Saurab: (smiles) Yes, mom.

Tripta: (sits) You don’t say so! Well, you are good at sports. Even if
you don’t practice, you will bag at least four gold medals.

Saurab: (boastfully) Hmmm. In fact, I am thinking of hat-trick in 400 metre race.
Saswot: Oh, I see! (Murmurs)
Saurab: (goes near Tripta) Don’t you know mom, all a man needs to get on in the world is some brains, common sense and plenty of push. (looks at Saswot) One can’t learn these things from books.
Tripta : Aren’t you spoiling your intellectual growth for the sake of sports?
Saurab: I loathe a thin, pale, narrow chest, poor eyesight and hunchback. I love living the moments. Look at my broad chest and feel my biceps! I like to live in the present. It’s all possible because of my sports. They make me alive. Sticking oneself at heap of books is out of my imagination.
Saswot: (angrily) I know! You mean to say I’m to consumed in books! My dear, don’t forget what is important in the present time. You’re master of your soul. Do what you feel like
doing. For me, my mind is far more important than my body. I cultivate my mind; you develop your body…
Tripta : (Interrupts) Can you please stop this argument? Well, you both are right and both wrong. Saurab, you need to be little cautious about your study. And Saswot, you have to have little physical exercise for your holistic development.
Saswot: Ok, mom. is it alright if I carry on with my studies now?
Saurab: If so, may I go for practise now? I’ll be back soon.
Tripta : So, for today, both of you practice for sometimes and after wards settle down for thorough revision.
Saswot: Sure! I’ve already done half of it.
Tripta : Saurab, what about you?
Saurab: Would you mind if I start my study after the games practice? Is it OKY, if I wear my new jersey?
Tripta : It’s OK.
Saurab: Mom, would it be possible for us to go on a bike? This way we can save our time.

Tripta : Oh no! Are you kidding? You must have your driving license first. You’d better go by bus.
Saswot: I think we’ll be late. Do you mind if I request you to drop us there?
Tripta : Hmm! Is it alright if you return by bus? Saswot and Saurab: It’s Ok. Thank you, mom!
(All exit.)
1. Enrich Your Vocabulary
Match the phrases under column with A their meanings under
column B. Find the sentences consisting of the phrases in the book and read them to confirm their meanings.

A                                    B
a. Make a fuss                i. in order to get or keep

b. Plenty of push             ii. begin to give attention to something
c. For the sake of             iii. complete/all-round progress

d. Settle down                iv. show anger or complaints about something unimportant

e. Cautious about            v. a lot of encouragement
f. Holistic development   vi. careful about
2. Look at the following table and make as many sensible sentences as possible.

May I
Is it OK
Would you mind
Is it alright
Would it be possible

(if)

for us to go on your bike?
you return by bus?
go for practice now?
I request you to drop us there?
wear my new jersey?

3. Put the following sentences in correct order:
a. Mother allows her sons to go for practice.
b. Saurab asks for permission from his mother.

c. Saswot prefers cultivating his mind rather than going for practice.
d. Saswot does not like to go by bus and requests his mother to drop them.
e. Mother asks her sons to go by bus.
f. Mother objects to Saurab’s proposal.
g. Saurab is excited because of an approaching sports day.
4. Read the text again and answer these questions.

a. How are Saswot and Saurab different from each other?
b. What according to Saurab are the benefits of involvement in sports?
c. Which do you think is more important, books or sports? Support your answer with a reason.
d. What should we do for holistic development?
e. If you were the mother, how would you convince Saswot to go for practice?
Put into Practice

a. Work in groups. Collect as many points as possible on importance
of sports in human life. Present your idea in class.
b. Work in groups. Discuss the role of education in human life and prepare a short speech on it

Speaking
Think and Act
Think for a minute and try to remember what your teacher said a few days ago. Write down a statement, a command and a question that he/she asked, and report it to your friends.
Study Time
Kumari is one of your senior students. You met her on your way home. The things Kumari said are in the speech bubbles. Work in pairs. Take it in turns to read the speech bubbles and report them.

My name is Kumari. I am 20 years old.

What is your name? How old are you?

Don’t waste too much time in sports only.

I was a football star of the school when I was in grade X.

Do you like sports? What do you play?

Did you participate in any competition last year?

Are you in grade IX or X?

What do you want to be in your life?

Put into Practice
Prepare a questionnaire to get basic information about one of your friends. Interview him/her and note down the sentences as he/she says. Later change the sentences into indirect speech and develop it in the form of a paragraph.

 

UNIT 6

MAKING OFFERS AND RESPONDING TO THEM

Listening
Think and Act
List out the Nepali consonant sounds and identify the similar sounds
found in English.
Study Time
1. How many consonant sounds are there in English? Complete the
following table listening to the audio material.

/P/
pin

/b/
bad

/t/
tin

/d/
dog

 

 

/q/
thin

/ð/
that

/m/
man

/n/
nose

/b/
thing

/h/
hat

 

/d3/
Jam

/k/
cat

/g/
goat

/s/
say

/z/
zoo

 

/3/
mea
sure

/l/
leg

/r/
Run

/w/
work

 

2. Try to pronounce the sounds above. Can you find similar sounds in Nepali?
Put into Practice
Work in groups. Prepare a list of words consisting of English consonants /f/, /v/, /k/, and /p/. Then, list out the Nepali words which begin with similar sounds.

Writing
Think and Act
Go through the following CV and note down its main components.

Er. Nabin Subedi
Phedikhola, Syanjya
+977 9800000000
nabin_subedip@gmail.com
PROFILE
I am an Engineering graduate with a background in civil engineering
and some valuable experience of designing maps. I’m looking for a
rewarding position that will allow me to build on my knowledge and
qualifications.
EDUCATION

2009 – 2013 Western Regional College, Tribhuvan University, Bachelor in Civil Engineering

2006- 2008  Bhairab Higher Secondary School, HSEB, 10+2 in Science

1995 – 2005 Manohar Higher Secondary School, class Nursery to SLC

EMPLOYMENT
Feb 2014 – Jan 2015: Engineer, B & B Construction Company,
Nepal (Major Responsibilities: Designing
Maps and Survey construction sites)
SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS
• Fluent English, Nepali and Hindi.
• Good at graphic design and other basic software, e.g. MS Word; Ms
Excel; Adobe PageMaker 7.0; MS PowerPoint; Adobe Photoshop;
Freehand Mx; Tally; Nepali and English Typing; and Email and
Internet.
REFERENCES
Er. Bachan Joshi
President
Public Engineering Council, Nepal
+977 980000000
0

Study Time
Write a similar CV for yourself. When you are satisfied with the for mat, present it to the class.
Put into Practice
Work in pairs. Compare each other’s CVs and suggest the areas to be improved to your partner.
Creative Task
Use the Internet or other sources to collect different formats of CV. Choose the best one and present it to the class.

UNIT 9

GIVING DIRECTIONS

II. Manechauka: A Place that Holds a Memory
Read the following text about Manechauka and note down its important features.
People have memories that are sparked by many situations. Places often make people remember experiences from the past. Many places hold memories for me: the river, school, hills, mountains, terai, etc. One particular place that reminds me of my childhood is Manechauka bazaar in Tanahun District.
Manechauka bazaar is located near my house. It is very special to me for many reasons. I learned to enjoy the beauty of nature there. The cool streams- Naudi Khola and Paudi Khola- taught me how to swim. Trees and rocks over there taught me to climb up and down the hills. The school, Shree Tribhuvan Secondary School, taught me to read and write. People living there taught me to adjust myself in a society of total harmony.
This very special place is situated in the northern part of Tanahun district. It is peacefully located on the lap of Khalte and Ulyhahar in Rupakot Village Development Committee. The neighbouring district, Lamjung, surrounds it in the North and Sabadi Khola in the west. The beautiful green forest adds beauty to this place. The pure natural drinking water of
these streams is another salient feature of Manechauka.
This bazaar is unique for a variety of reasons. People from different castes and religions are happily and peacefully living there. Everybody respects each other. They enjoy many different cultural programmes. They respect all occupations. Professional farming has also become a part of people living there. Not only this, emphasizing the significance of education, they have established a school and a campus in Manechauka. It has really helped people get higher education whilst living in their homes. In addition to these facilities, people are enjoying electricity, telephones and the Internet services there.
Thus, Manechauka is a place of beauty, harmony and peace. It always reminds me how to survive and get other people to survive in the society where I live. When I see people respecting each other, it brings me back to the memory of my childhood. Additionally, it has taught me to enjoy and live in multicultural society sharing about and caring about each other’s culture and religion.

Read and Answer
1. Read the text above, and answer the following questions:
a. What does Manechauka remind the writer of ?
b. Where is it located?
c. Why is it unique for the writer?
d. What has the writer learned from the place?
e. Write down any five facilities that a person can enjoy there.
2. Read the text again, and decide whether the following sentences are true or false.

a. The writer learnt to swim in Manechauka.
b. He started his schooling from there.
c. Only Hindus live there.
d. People have a feeling of fraternity.
e. Manechauka is situated in the western part of Tanahun district.

Listening
Think and Act


a. Who are the people in the picture?
b. What might the girl be asking about?
c. What might the man be telling her about?

Study Time
In this part of the listening activity, you will listen to a conversation between
a woman and a traffic police officer. Look at the map carefully before you
listen.

1. Listen to the conversation, and decide whether the following sentences are true or false.
a. Hasina wants to buy some souvenirs.
b. She prefers a gift store.
c. The supermarket is opposite the park.
d. There is the Cine Hall on the King’s Way.
e. The policeman talks about Hospital Road.
2. Listen to the conversations again, and complete the following dialogue.
A: Excuse me. Where can I buy some …………….?
B: In a ……………. or in the …………….?
A: I prefer the ……………. Where is it?
B: Well, go straight along the University Road. After you reach ……………., turn right. Go straight until you get to ……………. Then, turn left.
A: Is the market there?

B: No, it isn’t. Go straight; pass the ……….....and ..……. on your right.
A: Is it the place?
B: It’s near. Go straight for a while. The market is ………..……. the park on your …………..............…. Did you get it?
A: Yes, I think so. Thanks.
B: You’re welcome.
Put into Practice
Listen to the conversation again and play the role of A and B.

UNIT 7

GIVING INSTRUCTIONS AND DESCRIBING PURPOSE
Reading

Think and Act
1. List the words that occur frequently while sending and receiving emails.
2. Share your list to the class and prepare a final list of words. Study Time Read the text below, and answer the following questions.
i. What is the text about?
ii. What does email stand for?
iii. What kinds of messages are distributed electronically via email?
I. Email
Electronic mail is most commonly referred to as email or e-mail. Email generally refers to a method of exchanging digital messages from a sender to one or more recipients. It is distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network. It is claimed that people started sending and receiving email from 1993. However, it has recently been popular in our country. Today’s email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously. They need to connect to a server for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. Thus, email is an information and
communication technology. In this technology, users use email differently, based on how they think about it. There are many software platforms available to send and receive messages. Popular email platforms include Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail, Outlook, and many others.
Adapted form: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email

Creating an email ID
Let us learn about creating a new email ID or email address using Gmail. You have to follow the following instructions:
First open a Web browser (Internet explorer or Google Chrome or Mozilla, etc.). Write in the address bar
www.gmail.com.

Now, click on “Create an account”. After clicking on “Create an account” button, you will get a window image with ‘Create your Google Account?

Fill in all the details. Here, the user name is the desired user ID which you want to create. After filling in all the details, click on “Next step” button. After next step, it will ask for phone number for verification. Enter your cell phone number and click on “Continue” button. Now your ID is almost created. There is an option for uploading your image. Upload your image. Finally, click on the “Next step” button and you will get your inbox on the screen.

Congratulations! You have created your new Gmail ID. Use it to exchange messages, documents, images, etc.
1. Enrich Your Vocabulary
a. Put the phonemic transcription of the following words as they occur in a dictionary. The first one is done for you.

exchange
distribute
platforms
ID

Upload

digital
means
Email
desire

inbox

recipient
simultaneously
image
verification

b. Put the numbers 1 to 14 against the words above to show their order as they occur in a dictionary.
c. Find out the number of syllable (s) each word has. Put a stress mark where necessary.
d. Check the meanings of the words above in the dictionary and write them next to each word.

2. Read and Order
Read the text again, and rearrange the following instructions as they actually happen while creating a new Gmail account.
… Click on “Create an account”.
… Open a Web browser. Write in the address bar
www.gmail.com.
… Fill in all the details.
… After filling in all the details, click on “Next step” button.
… Your ID is almost created. There is an option for uploading your image.
… Now, you will get a window to fill up your details.
… After the
next step, it will ask for phone number for verification. Enter
your cell phone number and click on “Next step” button and you will
get your inbox
… Click on next.
3. Read and Answer
Read the text again, and answer these questions.
i. What is email?
ii. When did people start using email?
iii. Write down the role of email in communication.
iv. List all the software platforms mentioned in the text.
v. What is needed to send and receive email?
Put into Practice
Facebook is social media which is widely used to join people electronically. It has many advantages when we use it properly. Some people are misusing it and violating the legal provision of the country. They are punished as per the degree of their criminal activity. So, we should use Facebook as a means of communication without violating social and legal norms. To
use Facebook, we need to create our Facebook account. Now, create your Facebook account and present the instructions to create it.

UNIT

TALKING ABOUT THE PAST: NARRATING PAST EVENTS

Listening
Think and Act

i. Look at the signs below, and guess the answers to the questions:

a. What is the text about?
b. What is the speaker talking about?
d. Can you give the meanings of the signs in the table above?
Study Time

i. In this part of the listening activity you listen to instructions to draw pictures. Listen to and follow the instructions, and draw what is instructed.
ii. Work in pairs. When you have finished, exchange and check each other’s drawings in class.
Put into Practice
Explain what the traffic signs in the table above mean in Nepal.
Writing
Think and Act
Recall a memorable event that happened in your life. Collect as much information about the event as possible and complete the diagram with the information you have collected.


Study Time
Now, put the events in a chronological order. Then, write a story about Memorable Event in my Life.
Put into Practice
Collect religious stories from different sources. Read them and narrate the story you like the most in your own words to the class.

UNIT 11

DESCRIBING AN OBJECT OR A PLACE: TALKING ABOUT PRESENT

Speaking
Think and Act

 Refer back to ‘How Fruits Taste the Best’. Imagine what the writer looks like? Imagine her age, eyes, hair, complexion and height. Draw the picture of the writer as you imagine her.

Study Time
Study this example.

Rohit : Aishwarya, would you mind receiving my nephew? He’s returning from Dubai: but I am unable to go to the airport.

Aishwarya : No problem. but I don’t know him. How can I recognize him? What’s he like?

Rohit : He seems like a gentleman. He’s lanky. I guess he is about six feet tall.

Aishwarya : What’s his face like?

Rohit : His complexion is fair. He has a long face with a pointed nose.

Aishwarya : Oh I see. Can you please describe him clearly so that it will be easier for me to recognize him from a distance?

Rohit : Humm… He has curly hair. He has black and sparkling eyes. He is popular for his pinkish lips.

Aishwarya : Is that it? Now, I won’t have any difficulty except in one case.

Rohit : What’s that?

Aishwarya : If he has a beard and moustache... What do you think?

Rohit : Don’t worry. He is always clean-shaven !

Aishwarya : Ok.

Rohit : I hope you will get him on time and take him home. Thank you for your kind help.
Aishwarya : You’re welcome!

Put into Practice
Work in pairs. One of you asks and the other describes. Prepare a similar dialogue describing a new teacher/ staff member of your school.

A

: How do I/ recognize/ somebody?

B

: describe age/ complexion/ height / build

A

: What somebody looks like?

B

: height/ complexion/ special features/ age

A

: What the new member looks like

B

: describe sex/age/ height/ etc.

A

: How a particular place (college/ school, etc.) looks?

B

: describe size/ location/ dirty, clean/ special features, etc.

A

: How a particular place (a village/town/ picnic spot, etc) is?

B

: describe location/ climate/ special features

UNIT 10

INTERPRETING GRAPHS, CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS

Reading
Greeting Cultures Around the World
Think and Act
1. What are the people doing in the pictures?
2. Why do you greet people?
3. How do you greet people?
Study Time
a. Read the text below and do the following activities.
i. Find out what is the text about.
ii. Underline the names of the places given in the text.
iii. Out of the following greetings, tick the ones that you find in the text.

Bow and shake hands               Pat on the shoulders                 Put hands together
Touch each other’s nose Kiss on the cheeks          Touch nose
Giving flowers                         Put hands in a praying position Lifting a hand
Hug each other

The way people greet one another reflects their custom. It gives insight into their history and values. There is a wide range of greetings around the world. These range from the common handshake to other strange rituals found in some countries. Let’s observe how the simple action of greeting someone differs greatly from place to place.
In some Eastern countries, including Korea and Japan, bowing is the traditional greeting. In Japan, it is accepted that the deeper the bow, the deeper the respect shown. In Nepal and India, people bend or nod and say Namaste or Namaskar joining palms together as if praying. Handshakes are also popular in these countries. In Tibet, people opt to stick out their tongue to greet others which may seem strange to us.
In the United States, people shake hands firmly and make direct eye contact. It means a simple handshake is the normal greeting there. Shaking a person’s right hand while looking him or her in his or her eyes is the usual method. Handshakes are also common in other parts of the world, including Canada, Britain and Russia. When Canadians first meet, they often shake hands and introduce themselves by stating their name. In Russia, males grasp other men’s hands very strongly during the handshake.
Similarly, most people in New Zealand greet each other by shaking hands. However, the native Maori people of that country display more physical contact: they press their noses together in a sign of trust and closeness.
In other countries, such as France and Belgium, hugging and kissing are more common when two people meet. In those cultures, people kiss each other on the cheeks. The number of times varies depending on the particular country. In Saudi Arabia, men might hug and kiss each other (but not a woman), on the cheek. Men also shake hands with other men there.
Thus, greetings vary from culture to culture and the place to place where they live. These cultures teach us how to assimilate in a society. It also helps us to know each other’s way of life. Moreover, learning about other’s culture can be a reliable tool for keeping peace and social harmony.

1. Enrich Your Vocabulary
a. Choose the synonym (s) of the underlined word(s).
i. John greeted his friend with a warm smile and firm handshake.
A. demonstrated    B. presented C. welcomed         D. offered
ii. The old man grasped his young grandson’s hand tightly, so he couldn’t run onto the road.
A. touched   B. held                  C. observed D. kissed
iii. I’m interested in learning more about the customs of other countries.
A. attractions        B. language C. traditions          D. people
iv. Remember, when you meet Mr. Robin, he doesn’t like any physical contact.
A. gossip    B. touching C. greeting   D. discussion
b. Choose the best options and fill in the blanks.
i. A ................... can be used to greet someone or to show agreement.
A. hug                   B. nod                   C. kiss                   D. custom
ii. Jimba ................................ his hand towards the woman, but she refused to shake it.
A. depended on     B. turned down     C. held on    D. stuck out
iii. Ken hurt his back after his deep .................... to the foreign visitor.
A. bow        B. shake      C. contact    D. effect
iv. The styles in this store ................................ from old-fashioned to modern.
A. price       B. accept     C. range       D. come
V. Getting down on your knees is a ...................... to honour the dead in this country.
A. closeness          B. range       C. suggestion        D. ritual

2. Read and Tick
a. Read the text again, and tick the best answers.
i. What is this text mainly about?
A. The importance of handshakes all around the world
B. The origins and histories of various greetings
C. The strangest types of greetings on Earth
D. The wide range of greeting customs in the world
ii. Which of the following is true?
A. People in Russia, but not England, shake hands.
B. The number of times people kiss on the cheek varies.
C. In the past, people nodded if they weren’t carrying a weapon.
D. You shouldn’t look at people when shaking their hands in the
United States.
iii. How do most people in New Zealand greet each other?
A. With a kiss on the cheek
B. By pressing noses together
C. With a handshake
D. By sticking out their tongues
iv. How do people greet in India and Nepal?
A. With a handshake
B. By pressing noses together
C. With a kiss on the cheek
D. By saying Namaskar/Namaste
v. How do Saudi Arabians greet people?
A. Men might hug and kiss each other (but not a woman) on the cheek.
B. It’s not proper for men to kiss women when they meet.
C. Women do not kiss other women when they meet.
D. Women can kiss men, but men can’t kiss women when themeet.

b. Read the text again and fill in the blanks with the following words.
[hand / hug and kiss / customs / stick out / greeting / bow]
If you are travelling to another country, you should learn a bit about its ......... before you go there. This includes getting to know the proper form of ......... people. It can differ a lot. If you go to America, don’t be surprised if someone shakes your ......... In Japan people might ......... when they greet. Finally, if you travel to Saudi Arab, men might ......... each other (but not a woman), on the cheek.
3. Read and Answer
Read the text again, and answer these questions.
a. How do the Nepalese greet each other?
b. What are the different ways of greeting people in the USA, Canada, and Japan?
c. What do greetings reflect?
d. What is the significance of understanding other’s culture?
e. Supply a suitable title to the text.
Put into Practice
Collect as many greetings as possible from different communities of your country. Find out the similarities and differences between them.

 

 

 

UNIT 5

CRITICIZING AND EXPRESSING DEGREES OF PROBABILITY

Reading I
A Debate
Think and Act

a. Think of an issue or topic where your views differ from your friend.
Issue:-------------------------

What you think What your friend thinks
b. Look at the pictures and guess:
i. Who are these people? ii. What are they debating over?
iii. Whose point of view do you like?

Study Time
I. Go through the views in the boxes below and find the answers to these questions.

 

Ajmera : Oh ! Uttar, a new mobile set? The previous week I saw another one and today it’s another. Aren’t you troubling your family like this? Doesn’t satisfaction have any space in you? You should learn to be satisfied with what you have. You shouldn’t …………..

Uttar : Excuse me!! I’m not troubling my family and, self satisfaction is not everything. We should try to keep up with the changing world. We should strive for success. If people believe in what you say then the world will come to a standstill,--------------------

Chandra: Ymm…!! You are right but it’s not that we should always long for progress and forget to cherish what we have. One should always have self satisfaction, for every progress is made to achieve satisfaction. Both satisfaction and progress are equally important. However, it’s our progress that introduces us to the world, not our self acceptance. Do we make progress for satisfaction or-----------

Bhim: Hey guys! All of you are trying to be Aristotle. It seems to be a chicken and egg situation to me but I think self satisfaction and progress should go hand in hand. I will give you an example of a great man, Abraham Lincoln who had the quality of self acceptance along with a strong flare for progress. He failed in business at the age of 21; was defeated in a legislative election at the age of 22; failed again in business at age 24; lost a congressional race when he was 34; lost a senatorial election at 45; failed in an effort to become vice-president at age 47; lost a senatorial race when he was 49; and was elected president of the United States at the age of 52.

Uttar:Humans are by-instinct never satisfied and always inquisitive for progress. Our minds should always be striving for new inventions. The development of the world to this stage from the Stone Age has been possible only due to our need for progress. Our self acceptance as advocated by Ajmera, can turn us into self satisfied ambitionless mammals. What do --------------

Ajmera: I beg your pardon. If you only go for success and progress then a day will come when you will stand alone without friends and families because you will have lost them all in the never ending race to prosperity and success. That’s the reason why I think satisfaction is far more valuable than progress. You should be satisfied with what you have because the things which you possess now were once part of your progress and now you don’t value them. I strongly suggest you not to—

Chandra: This will never end. Let’s go. We’re getting late.

1. Enrich Your Vocabulary
Some of the words and phrases used by the speakers have the following meanings. Read the views of the different speakers above and write the words/ phrases next to the meanings.
a. contentment (Ajmera) ---------------------
b. make progress at the same rate(Uttar) -----------
c. a situation in which every activity has stopped( Uttar) --------------
d. love, appreciate and protect something (Chandra) --------------------
e. connectedly and simultaneously (Bhim)------------------------
f. far more eager to know or explore (Uttar 2) ---------------------------
2. Read, Match and Add
Read the following views and compare them with what the speakers say. After this match the views with the speakers and add a view of your own.
A                                              B

a. Uttar is of the opinion that    -progress should be made for the cause of satisfaction.

b. Ajmera strongly believes that -both satisfaction and progress should go ahead side by side.

c. Chandra opines that              -success is not the ultimate goal of our life.

d. Bhim stresses that                -satisfaction eventually leads us to aimlessness.

e. I think --------------------------------------------.
3. Read and Complete
Read the debate once again and complete the sentences with appropriate words.
a. Uttar keeps changing----------------------------.
b. Ajmera--------------------------------self-acceptance.
c. Abraham Lincoln possessed both self acceptance and a flare for -------------------.

d. Our activities for progress should be heading towards- ------ .
e. Bhim doesn’t know whether self-satisfaction or -----------
comes first.
4. Read and Answer

Read the debate once again and answer the questions given below.
a. Why does Uttar always try to possess new things? Why does he suggest that we shold not be self-satisfied?
b. What is a never ending race according to Ajmera? How is it so?
c. What does Bhim mean by saying “It seems to be a chicken and egg situation”.
d. How is Chandra’s point of view different from that of Uttar or Ajmera?
e. If you were one of the speakers, how would you express your thoughts?

Listening
Think and Act
Look at the following diagram and see where the letters A, B, C, D,

E, F, G, H, and X are in relation to one another. Read the sentences
beside the diagram and compare your sentences with them.

X is in the middle
A is at the top
B is at the bottom
X is between C and D
C and D are on either side of X
E is above X
F is under X
G is in the right-hand top corner
H is in the left-hand bottom corner

2. Look at the pictures below, and answer the following questions.
a. Have you ever tried to draw and complete the picture after listening to the description?
b. Is picture - 1 complete? What’s missing?
c. What different shapes does the second picture have?

              

Study Time
1. Listen to the description of the two pictures and complete them
drawing what is missing.
2. Answer the following questions briefly.
a. Where is the house?
b. What is behind the house?
c. Where are the flowers?
d. How many windows are there?
e. What do the arrows point to?
Put into Practice
Work in pairs. Draw a picture of your choice. Write a description below it. Then read it to your partner so that he/she can draw a similar picture. After completion, compare your friend’s picture with your own.
Speaking
Think and Act
Look at your friends in the class. Write down any two things they are
doing that you think are not good.
Now criticize them using should/should not be + v-ing.
Study Time
Work in pairs. Take turns as in the example to criticise what’s
happening in the picture.

A: They should not be littering the park.
B: You are right. They should be disposing the garbage in a proper place.

A: Gaurab should not have been late for the assembly.
B: Yes, he should have left for school on time.

                      

                                       
Put into Practice
Look at this little boy and read what he is saying sobbingly. Criticise him
using: You should/should not: you should have/should not have

-I have lost the money mother gave me for buying tiffin. I put it in my shirt pocket and came to school playing with my friends on the way. Now it’s not there. I am hungry.

UNIT 12

EXPRESSING IN / ABILITY
Listening
Think and Act
Look at the following pictures and guess the answers to these questions.


a. What do you see in the picture?
b. Who are the people?
c. What are they doing?
Study Time
a. Listen to the audio material and write ‘True’ for the true statements
and ‘False’ for the false ones.
i. The daughter is helpful
ii. Her mother wants her children to be independent.
iii. There are three members in the family.
iv. Hira Devi is a single mother.
b. Listen again and answer the following questions:
i. Who wants to drink water?
ii. Why did Hira Devi not give water to Dilrupa?
iii. Did mother allow Dilrupa to help her brother? Why? Why not?
iv. Who has the sense of caring and helping? How do you know it?
v. Why didn’t they call the father?
Put into Practice
You want people to do their things independently as Hira Devi does. Listen to the audio material once again and respond to the following situations using suitable reflexive pronouns like: yourself, yourselves, themselves, himself, herself, etc.

Your friend : Please go and tell the class teacher I want to go home.
You :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Your Mother : Your brother can’t wash his clothes properly. Go and wash them for him.

You : -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Class captain : The group of Mandira, Krishna and Rajnarayan can’t write the report to be submitted to the teacher. Can you prepare it for them?

You : -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Rojina  : Laxmikant told me to request you to write his leave application and give it to the class teacher.

You : -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Speaking
Think and Act
a. Do you help your parents at home and teachers at school? How do you help them?
b. You can do many things independently. Time has taught you to be able to do. Make a list of any three things which you can do yourself.
i. ……………………………
ii. ……………………………
iii. …………………………..
Study Time
Read what Sharada has to say about her sister, Manju and mark her ability and inability.


Manju, my sister, grew from not being-able to now-she-can. When
she was very little, she was too scared to go down the stairs. Time went by, and now she can. When she was little, she couldn’t pour milk on her cereal bowl without spilling. Time passed, and now she is able to do so. She once wasn’t able to colour inside the lines but now she can. She wasn’t able to make a call, and now she can do video calls. Manju couldn’t solve even the simplest problems of Mathematics at primary level but now she can solve her mathematical problems herself. Once my head was too high for her, now she can rest her head on it. What she can’t do yet is stay away from me. I am sure with the passage of time she will be able to do that too.

Put into Practice
a. Study the example and have similar conversation in pairs.
Example: sing/ English songs? yes/ no

A : Can you sing English songs?
B : Yes, I can. Or No I can’t but I can sing Nepali songs.

Example: wash clothes/ when ten? Yes/ no

A : Could you (were you able to) wash your clothes when you were ten years old?

B : Yes, I could wash my clothes myself. Or No, I couldn’t/ wasn’t able to then but I can wash them now.

i. Speak Japanese/ Hindi/ Maithili/ Bhojpuri ? Yes/ no

ii. Play volley ball/ football/ basketball/ madal/ flute/ guitar? Yes/ no
iii. Go to school alone/ carry your bag/ do your homework/ put on your dress when five? Yes /no
iv. Write letters/ draw pictures/ ride bicycle/ make rice/ work on computer when you were in the middle school? Yes /no
b. Do you have your younger brother/sister/cousin/niece/nephew? You must have seen them growing. Remember some interesting activities which they could/couldn’t do when they were small. Collect the real information you have about them and tell them in such a way that they smile listening to your description.

THE END